霍金的英文名是Stephen William Hawking。出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。

1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。

1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理。

提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论——爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。

获得CH（英国荣誉勋爵）、CBE（大英帝国司令勋章）、FRS（英国皇家学会会员）、FRSA（英国皇家艺术协会会员）等荣誉。

2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》。

物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金11月6日表示，技术有望逆转工业化对地球造成的一些危害，有助于消除疾病和贫困，但人工智能需要加以控制。2017年11月，霍金预言2600年能源消耗增加，地球或将变成“火球”。

2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。

扩展资料：

一、家庭背景：

史蒂芬·霍金1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津，他的父亲弗兰克与母亲伊莎贝尔都就读于牛津大学，弗兰克主修医学，伊莎贝尔学习哲学、政治学和经济学。

第二次世界大战爆发后，弗兰克原本想要从军报国，上级认为他如果从事研究工作可以对国家给出更有价值的贡献，他于是在一所医学研究院任职研究员，伊莎贝尔也在这所研究院找到一份秘书工作。

他们在这里相遇并且坠入爱河、共结连理。婚后，他们住在伦敦附近郊区海格特。那时正值纳粹德军轰炸英格兰，伦敦遭受几乎夜夜不停的空袭。

夫妻二人被迫决定，伊莎贝尔应该搬迁到较为安全的牛津把孩子生下来。等到史蒂芬诞生后，伊莎贝尔才又回到海格特。

在史蒂芬1岁与5岁时，他们还生了两个女儿菲莉帕与玛莉，史蒂芬14岁时，他们又收养了一个儿子爱德华。

霍金跟母亲关系很好，其母住在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福，霍金经常去探望她。霍金还跟自己的女儿合著了几本宇宙探险的科普书，他女儿已成为著名作家。

二、童年经历：

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking），1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津，出生当天正好是伽利略逝世300年忌日。父亲法兰克是毕业于牛津大学的热带病专家，母亲伊莎贝尔1930年毕业于牛津研究哲学、政治和经济。

1942年1月，纳粹德军几乎夜夜不停地轰炸英国伦敦。这迫使霍金一家搬离海格特的家园迁到牛津避难。

他们在霍金诞生后又回到了伦敦。童年时的霍金学业成绩并不突出，但喜欢设计极为复杂的玩具。据说他曾用一些废弃用品做出一台简单的电脑。

参考资料：

百度百科-斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

霍金一般指斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。

1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。

1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型。

扩展资料：

霍金患有一种不寻常的早发性和慢发性肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症，这种疾病俗称渐冻症。这疾病开始于霍金在牛津大学读书的最后一年。

霍金的父母亲也注意到他的健康问题，带他去看专科医生。在21岁时，医生诊断其患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症，只有两年好活，但是，两年光阴飞驰而去，他仍旧活着。

霍金不愿对恶疾低头，甚至不愿接受任何帮助。他最喜欢被视为是科学家，然后是科普作家，最重要的是，被视为正常人，拥有与其他人相同的欲望、干劲、梦想与抱负。

参考资料：百度百科--斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，下面是我为你整理的霍金的简介英文版，希望对你有用!

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金简介

Stephen William Hawking, born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942, won CH (British Lord of Honor), CBE (British Empire Commander Medal), FRS (Royal Society Member), FRSA (British Royal Art Association members) and other honors. He is a famous physicist at Cambridge University, one of the greatest physicists of modern times and one of the great men of the 20th century.

He suffers from muscular atrophic lateral sclerosis (Luganle's disease), generalized paralysis, can not speak, hand only three fingers can be active.

From 1979 to 2009, he was a professor of mathematics at Lucas. He was the most respected professor in Britain. Hawking's main research field is cosmology and black hole, which proves the singularity theorem and black hole area theorem of general relativity, and puts forward the black hole evaporation theory and the boundless Hawking cosmic model. In the process of unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century, Einstein founded the theory of relativity and Planck's quantum mechanics to create an important step forward.

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金主要成就

Stephen William Hawking's research laid the groundwork for today's understanding of the black hole and the origin of the universe, but according to himself, he said that he was in the animated "The Simpsons" and the science fiction episode "Star Trek: Next Generation" (Star Trek: The Next Generation) is also wonderful.

Hawking emphasizes that the universe does not need a Creator or "God" in the "Great Design", "philosophy is dead", which means that mankind will be detached from ignorant self-slavery, denying that pure philosophy and religion can really explain Naturally, it also shows that the major religions are only the ancient spiritual world to explore the unknown, the pursuit of immortal system, rather than the objective truth. With the progress of the times, human civilization is also catch up, not far behind, which is why generations of people of insight to the existence of life and the meaning of the universe. To solve these propositions should have been the task of the philosopher, but unfortunately the highly developed science makes the philosophy can not keep up. Hawking in the "big design" of the opening that "philosophy is dead" is the meaning.

Hawking hopes to solve the mystery of the birth of the universe, the 1970s, Hawking quantum mechanics applied to explain the phenomenon of black hole, in the next 30 years, with quantum mechanics to explain the universe has become more difficult. Hawking wanted to find a set of theories that could explain the universe as a whole to illustrate the birth of the 13.7 billion years of the universe until now, but it has not been concluded for years even if it is infinitely close. According to his theory of quantum mechanics, the birth of the universe is the big bang produced, which is a compressed infinitely small but with large gravity of the material (also can be understood as the density of infinite) explosion products. The theoretical category of quantum mechanics can not explain how this process is going to be done. Why is it so? Hawking says "that must have a theory that can describe small-scale gravity."

The latest scientific breakthrough is Hawking's colleague, Michael Smith of London's Queen Mary's College (Michael. Green) involved in the construction of the superstring theory, referred to as "string theory", which states that all particles and natural forces are actually in shock In the universe like a small object, to solve the Hawking has always wanted to try to answer the gravity problem, this theory must be established in the universe must have 9,10 or even greater than 11 dimensions, and human beings in the three-dimensional world may only One of the real ones of the universe ...

A large number of scientists around the world are doing experiments in space and earth to prove string theory and from experiments to support Hawking's black hole theory and quantum theory. January 24, 2014, the famous British scientist Professor Stephen Hawking once again with its black hole-related theory shocked the physics, in a recently published paper admitted that "black hole does not exist," but "gray hole" indeed exist. In a paper entitled "Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting For Black Holes", Hawking points out that "black holes do not exist" because they can not find the boundaries of black holes. In order to solve the "firewall" problem in the new theory set "black hole does not exist", it does not really do not exist. The black hole of the boundary, also known as the "horizon", the classic black hole theory that the black hole outside the material and radiation can enter the black hole through the horizon, and any material and radiation within the black hole can not wear out horizons.

Hawking's latest "gray hole" theory that material and energy in the black hole trapped after a period of time, will be re-released into the universe. He admitted in his essay that his initial knowledge of the horizon was flawed, and that light could cross the horizon. When the light flies the black hole core, its movement is like a person running on a treadmill, slowly through the outward radiation and shrink. "The classical black hole theory argues that any matter and radiation can not escape the black hole, and quantum mechanics suggests that energy and information can escape from the black hole." Hawking also pointed out that the interpretation of this escape process requires a gravity And other basic forces of successful integration of the theory. In the past hundred years, no one in physics has tried to explain this process.

For Hawking's "gray hole" theory, some scientists expressed approval, it was skeptical. Joseph Polchinski, a theoretical physicist at the Cuban Institute of Theoretical Physics, points out that according to Einstein's theory of gravity, the boundary of the black hole is present, but it differs from the rest of the universe Not obvious. In fact, as early as 2004, Hawking had made a similar statement. On July 21 of that year, Hawking pointed out at the 17th International Symposium on General Theory of Relativity and Gravitation that the Black Hole was not "completely swallowed" around it, as he and most other physicists had previously thought, Some of the information that is sucked into the depths of the black hole may be released at some point.

In 1973, Hawking said he calculated by the conclusion that the black hole in the formation of the process of its quality reduction, but also continue to be in the form of energy to the outside world radiation. This is the famous Hawking radiation theory, the theory mentioned in the black hole radiation does not include the black hole inside the material of any information, once the black hole is concentrated and evaporated disappear, all of which information will disappear, which is the so-called The "black hole paradox". This theory and quantum mechanics of the relevant theories appear contradictory. Because modern quantum physics finds that this material information is never completely gone.

For more than 30 years, Hawking tried to explain this contradictory view with various speculations. Hawking has said that the quantum movement of the black hole is a special case, because the gravity in the black hole is very strong, quantum mechanics at this time is no longer applicable. Hawking's argument does not convince the scientific community of skeptical scholars. It now appears that Hawking finally gave this year's contradictory view of a more convincing answer. Hawking said the black hole never completely shut itself - Hawking radiation, they in a long period of time gradually to the outside world to radiate more and more heat, then the black hole will eventually open themselves and release the material contained in the information.

On August 16, 1616, Jeff Steinhauer, a professor at the Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, proved the quantum effect of Hawking radiation in a paper published in the journal Nature Physics. He made a sound black hole instead of a light black hole, using a long tube with sound particles, the phonon "horizon". In 2014, Professor Steinhall found that the phonemes were randomly generated in the horizon. In his latest results, Steinhouse proved that these phonons were one of a pair of related phonons, thus proving the quantum effect of Hawking radiation.

斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金社会活动

April 12, 2016, the famous British physicist Stephen Hawking in New York New World Trade Center Observatory announced a plan called "breakthrough star" plan, with the Russian businessman Yuri Milner, the US social networking site Facebook Founder Zuckerberg collaborated to build a new space exploration project, build a large number of miniature interplanetary spaceships and launch them at half the speed of light to the Centaur Alpha Star. The day was the sixth international manned space day established by the United Nations and the 55th anniversary of the first manned space flight.

Milner said at a press conference that the initial investment in the "Breakthrough Star" program would be $ 100 million to develop a miniature interplanetary spacecraft using laser propulsion and to fly to Centauri in the current generation of time Star of the target.

According to reports, plans to build a miniature interstellar spacecraft called "nano-aircraft", which consists of a "star" computer chip as a hull. Milner at the press conference to show the "star" of the original product. The chip is only two or three centimeters square, a few grams of weight, but integrated camera, photon thruster, navigation and transmission components, is a complete space exploration function of the aircraft, and manufacturing costs only equivalent to an iPhone.

The chip will be installed on the name of "light sail" of the ultra-material cloth Peng, through the ground to launch high-energy laser power to promote, "light sail" can absorb laser energy, driven by micro-spacecraft forward. Because the quality of the spacecraft is very small, there is almost no resistance in space, in the continuous acceleration of the laser, the theoretical calculation shows its speed up to one fifth of the speed of light. If successful, this will allow the spacecraft to arrive near the Earth for about 20 years 4.37 light-year-old Centaurian Alpha Star near. Centaur Alpha Star is one of the closest stars from the solar system, but the existing fastest spacecraft also need to spend 30,000 years to fly there.

"Today, we are determined to take a big step forward in exploring the universe," Hawking said at the press conference, "because we are human beings, longing for flying is our nature.

Chinese experts: Hawking's "spacecraft" is still science fiction

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